Kaplan Nursing Entrance Practice Exam

Which of the following describes the role of sensory neurons?

1. They respond to stimuli

2. They coordinate motor functions

3. They primarily protect the nervous system

4. They enhance cognitive functions

The correct answer is: They respond to stimuli

The role of sensory neurons is to respond to various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, and chemical changes in the environment. These neurons are equipped with specialized receptors that detect these stimuli and convert them into electrical signals. This information is then transmitted to the central nervous system, where it is processed and interpreted, allowing the organism to react appropriately to its surroundings. In contrast, coordination of motor functions is primarily associated with motor neurons, which transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles, facilitating movement. The protection of the nervous system is not a direct function of sensory neurons but is more related to various types of glial cells that support and maintain the health of neurons. Enhancing cognitive functions involves complex interactions within the brain, primarily influenced by various interneurons and higher-order brain functions rather than the direct role of sensory neurons. Therefore, recognizing that sensory neurons are specifically designed to respond to environmental stimuli clarifies their crucial function in the nervous system.